The TCP/IP Guide  9  TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4)       9  TCP/IP Internet Layer (OSI Network Layer) Protocols            9  Internet Protocol (IP/IPv4, IPng/IPv6) and IP-Related Protocols (IP NAT, IPSec, Mobile IP)                 9  Internet Protocol Version 4 (IP, IPv4)                      9  IP Addressing                           9  IP Subnetting: Practical Subnet Design and Address Determination Example

IP Subnetting Step #3: Determining The Custom Subnet Mask 1 2 3 4 5 IP Subnetting Step #5: Determining Host Addresses For Each Subnet

Class C Subnet ID and Address Determination Example

Recall our Class C network, 211.77.20.0. The network address in binary is:

11010011 01001101 00010100 00000000

We are subnetting using 3 bits for the subnet ID, leaving 5 bits for the host ID. Now let's see the network address with the subnet bits in bold:

11010011 01001101 00010100 00000000

These are the bits we substitute with the subnet ID for each subnet. Notice that since the first three octets contain network ID bits, and the network ID is the same for every subnet, they never change. We don't even really need to look at them in binary form, though for clarity we will do so.

Here's how we determine the subnet IDs and addresses, again, starting with 0 (see Figure 78):

0. Subnet #0 has a subnet ID of 0, or 000 in binary. To find the address, we start with the network address in binary, and substitute “000” for the subnet ID bits. Well gee, those bits are already all zero! What this means is that the address for subnet #0 is the same as the address for the network as a whole: 211.77.20.0.

This is always the case: subnet #0 always has the same address as the network.

3. Subnet #1 has a subnet ID of 1 in decimal or 001 in binary. To find the address we substitute “001” for the subnet ID bits, to yield the following:

11010011 01001101 00010100 00100000

Converting to decimal, we get 211.77.20.32.

4. Subnet #2 has a subnet ID of 2, or 010 in binary. To find its address we substitute “010” for the subnet ID bits, to give:

11010011 01001101 00010100 01000000

Which is 211.77.20.64 in binary.

5. Subnet #3 has a subnet ID of 011. As we can see the first three octets of the address are always 211.77.20. The last octet here is “01100000”, which is 96 in decimal, so the whole address is 211.77.20.96.
   

   Figure 78: Determining Subnet Addresses For A Class C Network

   This diagram shows each of the 8 possible subnets created when we use 3 bits for the subnet ID in a Class C network. The binary subnet ID is simply substituted for the subnet bits, and the resulting 32-bit number converted to dotted decimal form.

   
   

Starting to see a pattern here? Yep, the address of any subnet can be found by adding 32 to the last octet of the previous subnet. This pattern occurs for all subnetting choices; the increment depends on how many bits we are using for the subnet ID. Here, the increment is 32, which is 2⁵; 5 is the number of host ID bits left after we took 3 subnet ID bits.

6. Subnet #4 is 100, address is 211.77.20.128.
   
   
7. Subnet #5 is 101, address is 211.77.20.160.
   
   
8. Subnet #6 is 110, address is 211.77.20.192.
   
   
9. Subnet #7 is 111, address is 211.77.20.224.

We only needed seven subnets in our example, #0 through #6. Subnet #7 would be a spare. Notice that the last subnet has the same last octet as the subnet mask for our network? That's because we substituted “111” for the subnet ID bits, just as we did when we calculated the subnet mask.

IP Subnetting Step #3: Determining The Custom Subnet Mask 1 2 3 4 5 IP Subnetting Step #5: Determining Host Addresses For Each Subnet