Please Whitelist This Site? I know everyone hates ads. But please understand that I am providing premium content for free that takes hundreds of hours of time to research and write. I don't want to go to a pay-only model like some sites, but when more and more people block ads, I end up working for free. And I have a family to support, just like you. :) If you like The TCP/IP Guide, please consider the download version. It's priced very economically and you can read all of it in a convenient format without ads. If you want to use this site for free, I'd be grateful if you could add the site to the whitelist for Adblock. To do so, just open the Adblock menu and select "Disable on tcpipguide.com". Or go to the Tools menu and select "Adblock Plus Preferences...". Then click "Add Filter..." at the bottom, and add this string: "@@||tcpipguide.com^$document". Then just click OK. Thanks for your understanding! Sincerely, Charles Kozierok Author and Publisher, The TCP/IP Guide

NOTE: Using software to mass-download the site degrades the server and is prohibited. If you want to read The TCP/IP Guide offline, please consider licensing it. Thank you.

The TCP/IP Guide  9  TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4)       9  TCP/IP Internet Layer (OSI Network Layer) Protocols            9  Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP/ICMPv4 and ICMPv6)                 9  ICMP Message Types and Formats                      9  ICMP Version 4 (ICMPv4) Error Message Types and Formats

ICMPv4 Redirect Messages 1 2 ICMP Version 4 (ICMPv4) Informational Message Types and Formats

Parameter Problem Message Interpretation Codes and The Pointer Field

When a Parameter Problem message is generated due to a specific bad field in the original message, the Pointer field is used as described above to show the location of the problem. This meaning of the Parameter Problem message is the one that was defined in the original ICMP standard, RFC 792, and is associated with Code value 0. There are some cases of a parameter problem where a pointer to a specific field in the original message really wouldn't make sense, so other standards have defined two new Code field values for Parameter Problem messages. Table 95 shows the three Code values and provides a brief explanation of each.

Note that the Pointer field is only 8 bits wide, but since this allows for values up to 256 this is sufficient to allow it to point to any location within the IP header. It is possible for the Pointer field to point to a field within an IP option. Both hosts and routers can generate Parameter Problem messages.

ICMPv4 Redirect Messages 1 2 ICMP Version 4 (ICMPv4) Informational Message Types and Formats